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Toggle기술사업화 논문자료 번역에 대해서 알아 보겠습니다(한영번역)
기술사업화 논문자료 번역(한국어 원본)1.4.2 Technology commercialization |
기술사업화 논문자료 번역(영어 번역본)1.4.2 Technology commercialization Commercialization is the process of having an idea, connecting it to existing complementary knowledge, developing saleable goods or services, manufacturing, and selling it to the market. (Zahra and Nielsen 2002). The term commercialization is a practical aspect that includes entrepreneurship and innovation, and means bringing an idea to the market (Marriott 2006). This term is also used with the innovation process or the new product development process (Cooper and Kleinschmidt 1996; Cooper, Edgett et al. 2004; Cooper 2008). In many studies, commercialization has been used as a concept conflicting invention and science. Science and technology must choose a path for a successful commercialization. There are studies conducted on what capability is necessary for an organization depending on invention and commercialization (Lee 2009). Science must establish an optimal relationship between the organization and the market for a successful commercialization (Baldini, Grimaldi et al. 2006; Buenstorf 2009; Jain, George et al. 2009.). In addition, the success of startup firms can be influenced by how the commercialization strategies are established (Gans and Stern 2003; Kasch and Dowling 2008). The concept of commercialization has a high flexibility because it is very practical. Therefore, commercialization has been used for its different strengths depending on what view it was approached with. The research of Prebble et.al (2008) is a study that approached commercialization with three perspectives, technical and operational, strategic, and commercial. It is a notable study in that it suggested a theoretical framework by the grounded theory approach. Especially, this study suggests consumer needs, target segments, market demand/size, and strategic partners in the strategic perspective. If we examine the topic of this research based on the framework of Prebble et.al (2008), it has the strategic perspective that views commercialization as a process that the marketer plays a key role, and this is similar to the fuzzy front end stage that has been mentioned previously in the innovation process. It is as the following if we summarize the common perspective of commercialization in some studies related to commercialization. Firstly, commercialization is the whole process beginning from an idea to a final product launching in a market. Secondly, it includes the perspectives of the engineers, marketers, and financial managers (Prebble, De Waal et al. 2008). (iii) Finally, there are two perspectives that are commonly emphasized, the consumer perspective and the organizational perspective (Gans and Stern 2003; Cooper 2008; Prebble, De Waal et al. 2008). We do not use terms such as new product development process and innovation process in the framework of the whole content of this paper, but use the term commercialization instead. This is because though the methodology and theoretical framework of this study relies on the achievements of the existing academic researches, the content essentially explains a level of successful commercialization through those. In addition, the concept of commercialization is the neutral explanation of the process from idea to the launch of the product in a market. Innovation and entrepreneurship can be viewed with two different approaches to commercialization with different views and emphases. Though Ch2, Ch3, Ch4 are within the boundaries of user centered innovation in the innovation framework and has the perspective of consumer behavior in marketing literature, they show the actual application of the eventual production of an idea to the market. On the other hand, Ch5 suggests that business partners should be identified and engaged in cases where technology and consumer needs cannot be satisfied through the competence of an organization, using the convergent mobile service called near field communication. – Omitted – 1.4.3 Front end of innovation The front end of stage in innovation is important because, firstly, while new product development (NPD) applies to companies with a size and management level that are above a certain level, the front end of stage applies to all companies from big to small including startup companies. Secondly, it is determined whether it will have an innovative, incremental, or radical characteristic in the fuzzy front end level (Koen 2007). The following chapters focus on issues that occur in the front end of innovation of the innovation process. |
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